week 13.

1. According to Murphy, what are the two major faults of the traditional screenwriting manuals in their treatment of independent cinema?

Murphy's problem with traditional screenwriting manuals' treatment of independent cinema is the manuals rely on formulas to create a film, which is too structured and traditional for an independent film. The manuals do not understand this, however, and try to force independent films to fit into their formulas; fitting into a formula is pretty much the opposite of most independent cinema, which strives to be unique and against the norm.

3. According to Murphy, how are independent films different than classical Hollywood in the following areas?

Protagonists / Antagonists: Independent films are lacking both goal-oriented protagonists and goal-thwarting antagonists.
Dual plotlines (romance): Non cause and effect writing eliminates the cause for most romance.
Character Motivation (goals): Characters simply react to what is going on around them because the script lacks in goal orientation and causality.
Dialogue: little or no dialogue, or true to life conversationalist dialogue creates ambiguity in the characters which is not seen through the goal-pushing clear minded dialogue of most Hollywood films.
Closure: Independent films prefer open endings with a lack of closure.

4. According to Ed Guerrero, what were the three phases of the black image in Hollywood?

The three phases are:
1) pre-blaxploitation. the mainstream image was that of submissiveness from black characters.
2) blaxploitation. resistance and reversal of mainstream ideology.
3) new black cinema. compromise between Hollywood and black filmmakers.

6. What are the two distinct notions of "guerrilla cinema" exemplified by Spike Lee and Bill Gunn?

"Guerilla Cinema" was embodied by Spike Lee as using independent films as a step ladder to breaking in to mainstream Hollywood. It was embodied by Bill Gunn as a way to use the system and take funding meant for standard, d grade films to make socially conscious films.